In reality, the initial development of a software solution is the least expensive part of the cost of the software life cycle while maintenance of bugs and future enhancements to keep up with a changing business is the most expensive, possibly up to 90% of the cost. If a non-profit doesn't have the resources to create and implement the software, they most certainly don't have the resources to maintain it.

All the non-profit work I've ever done has needed support eventually and with just one person working on a volunteer basis, I can't keep up with that over the long term. Also, non-profits have a very high turnover rate and that means almost constant training on any solutions that are put in place. That isn't cheap either and just adds to the cost of custom software for their business. It doesn't matter how much those solutions might be helping them, if they lose the expertise to use them, all those wonderful solutions are worthless.

So on the last day of the PyOhio event I gave lightning talk about these ideas. It wasn't anything too definite, I just wanted to see if it might call people to action and just get a general feel for what everyone thought. The talk centered around the fact that I think we need to study this problem a little closer and see if there isn't an online community that could be built up to handle these problems. Just as open source software needs documentors and testers, they also need implementers and supporters.

One of the big surprises for me was, when I asked the audience how many of them had done volunteer work for non-profits, about half the crowd raised their hands. I figured it would be a high number, but I didn't expect that high. It's great to see and I certainly don't think people should stop doing that, but in order to support the long term viability of these solutions, we need to be able to support them and keep them running after they've been implemented.

One thing that came out of this that I didn't know was that there was a group in Portland called DayOn.org that is trying to tackle this problem too. I'm going to look more into this. At first glance, it looks like a service that links up non-profits with volunteers and kinds of ends it's relationship there. The idea I have in my head is almost like a volunteer-based company that is able to take clients in order to build a trust relationship with them. Then it would be able to act not only as developers but also as sys admins with access to their data and server. This has a huge potential for problems though, some of which I hope to talk about in a future post. But definitely check out DayOn.org if any of this interests you now.

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BTW, none if this is original, but I haven't seen anyone really write a up a complete post on how to do it. I reverse engineered the concept and the steps from the great open source project apps-for-android.

UI

To set up the interface for adding the icon, you'll want to add an ImageButton to the edit screen for your items. You can then set the image with:

    protected void showIconButton(String iconUri){
        if(iconUri != null){
            ImageButton iconField = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.iconButton);
            iconField.setImageURI(null);
            iconField.setImageURI(Uri.parse(iconUri));
            iconField.invalidate();
        }
    }

You'll need the extra iconField.setImageURI(null); call in there since Android ignores a call to setImageURI that has the same URI is it currently holds. Since I save the new icon image to the same place as the old one, that can be a problem.

You'll also want to have the button set up to select a new image when it's clicked. That will be a simple call to iconField.setOnClickListener(cmdIconListener); in the onCreate method of the Activity.

Button Listener

Now we can create the action the button should take when it's clicked.

    protected OnClickListener cmdIconListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View arg0) {
            Intent i = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
            i.setType("image/*"); // We just want images.
 
            //ADD_ICON is a unique integer code for the intent response.
            startActivityForResult(i, AddTea.ADD_ICON); 
        }
    };

You can see we're firing a very simple Intent to get an image. This will allow the user to select an image from their picture gallery, just like the contact application does. It also keeps it generic enough that another application can act on this Intent, too.

Crop the Image

This Intent will return an image URI that we then want to crop:

    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
        // See which child activity is calling us back.
        switch (requestCode) {
        case AddTea.ADD_ICON:
            // This is the standard resultCode that is sent back if the
            // activity crashed or didn't doesn't supply an explicit result.
            if (resultCode != RESULT_CANCELED){
                Intent i = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
                i.setClassName("com.android.camera", "com.android.camera.CropImage");
                i.setData(data.getData());
                Log.d(TAG, "path: " + data.getData().getPath());
                i.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
                i.putExtra("outputX", iconWidth);
                i.putExtra("outputY", iconHeight);
                i.putExtra("aspectX", iconWidth);
                i.putExtra("aspectY", iconHeight);
                i.putExtra("scale", true);
 
                if(iconUri == null){
                    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                    values.put(android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.TITLE, name + " Icon");
                    values.put(android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.BUCKET_ID, "STeaP_Tea_Timer_Icons");
                    values.put(android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME, "STeaP Tea Timer Icons");
                    values.put(android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.IS_PRIVATE, 1);
                    iconUri = getContentResolver().insert(android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values).toString();
                }
                i.putExtra("output", Uri.parse(iconUri));
                startActivityForResult(i, CROP_ICON);
            }
            break;

We're basically just sending another Intent after getting the first one back. Here we are sending the Intent to a specific Activity, the com.android.camera.CropImage Activity. This Activity will crop the image and save the image, so we need to pass all the information we want the image saved with. The important ones are:

• noFaceDetection - Unless you're looking for people, you'll want this to be true.
• outputX - The width of the resulting image. In pixels.
• outputY - The height of the resulting image. In pixels.
• aspectX, aspectY - The aspect ratio of the crop square. Don't set these if you want the user to pick whatever size they want, otherwise set them to what you want.
• scale - Whether you want the image scaled to the dimensions you set. Almost always should be true.
• android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.IS_PRIVATE - Set to true if you don't want all of your little icons clogging up the Android Pictures app.

The insert command on the ContentProvider will hand you back the images URI so you can store it with the rest of your item's data. In my example, if I already have a URI for the icon, I just overwrite it with the new cropped image, no need to create another one.

Now we just need to handle the result from the Crop Intent:

case AddTea.CROP_ICON:
            if (resultCode != RESULT_CANCELED) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Data String: " + iconUri);
                showIconButton(iconUri);
            }
        default:
            break;

And now you've got your icon stored in the ContentProvider and the URI in your application. Easy as that!

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Well, I was right. There is a crazy little thing you need to do.

Here are the steps to get the one I was working with to work under Linux:

1. Turn on the AlphaSmart
2. Plug it into the computer's USB port
3. Turn on the Num Lock key on the computer's keyboard. You must do this before hitting any keys on the AlphaSmart
4. Try typing on the AlphaSmart keyboard to make sure it's transferring

After that works, you can use the AlphaSmart to transfer your files like you normally would.

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The Ability to Map Virtual Objects to the Physical World

I think a lot of the applications coming out for these devices are focusing on "social" aspects of computers and, while they're suited to that, I think there will be another class of applications that will have more to do with mapping virtual objects to the physical place you are now. I know there have been "location aware" applications, but I think that soon we will even be going beyond just awareness and more "location mapping" applications.

A great example of this that I've seen recently is Sekai Camera from tonchidot that allows you to tag real world objects like you would a wiki. Looking through the camera on a mobile device shows you, on top of the real world object, tags and objects that other users have attached to those things. Look through the camera at a restaurant you're standing in front of and maybe a bubble pops up to show recent reviews or current menu items or even recent health inspector reports. Choosing between three different restaurants that are right next to each other and picking a place to eat lunch at just got a lot easier. No more searching for the restaurants and clicking through a bunch of screens to get to this information; I know where you are, where you're looking and what has been tagged in that location and I just make it available to you.

There's also the idea of location-based to do lists. I'm actually building one for Android where you tag your to do items with a tag like "store" and then add GPS data to the tag to say where the store is. The same could be done for "home" and "work" tags. Then, when you open the to do list on your device, the proper to do items pop up depending on where you are. You could say this is just a "location aware" application, but I think it gets more subtle than that at this level because you really have tags these items with a location and they kind of live there to a certain degree. And nothing is stopping you from tagging them with multiple tags. I also see "global tags" like "gas_station" that would have them pop up at a gas station, any gas station.

I know there have been some location messaging (think Twitter with GPS tags, so you only see it if you're at that location. Great for scavenger hunts!) applications thought about too, but I haven't seen any of them take off. The critical mass type apps are going to have a hard time until more people have these devices and are using them in this way. But I think it's coming and I hope to be able to contribute something along the way.

What location mapping applications would you like to see?

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The application APIs are also quite amazing. They allow things like multi-threading, so an application can run in the background while other apps are running, the ability to install by download, so vendors can't lock down what apps you can run, and the handling of events, so if I don't like the default SMS app, I can write my own or install a better one that I like better. Carriers will have to play along to keep everything open and playing friendly, but T-Mobile has already said that they will, so any other carrier will have a hard time selling a locked down version at this point.

With the release of the first Android based phone, the not-so-hot IMO G1, we're seeing these phones coming to market. Here's what I'm hoping happens:

1. The T-Mobile G1 gets released on Oct. 22nd as the first Android powered phone. It'll only be the first phone for the platform, so it's by no means the end-all-be-all. It'll also be SIM-locked to T-Mobile.
2. I'm hoping that it'll only be a few weeks after that when Google open sources the entire Android codebase. We already know that they will and I'm hoping it's sooner rather than later.
3. Once Android is open sourced, it'll start getting ported to other phones, either via the manufacturers of those phones or by open source developers. I'm really hoping it gets to the Nokia phones and other HTC phones sooner rather than later.
4. Once that happens, you'll be free to use whatever phone you want with whatever carrier you want and still get all the great features of Android; the OS itself, the one API needed for all Android phones and all the apps to be written, and already written, for the platform.

If those things do happen like I hope they will, I think we'll really start to see the power of an open platform for mobile. If it was just going to be the G1 and that was it, it really wouldn't be all that exciting, but I think everything is set up to have this take off if it ends up being as open as Google seems to be leading on about.

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